Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5.2 Final (2014) Multi / Русский

Microsoft Visual Studio (C#, Visual Basic .NET, Managed C++),
SharpDevelop,
MonoDevelop,
Eclipse,
Borland Developer Studio (Delphi for .NET, C#),
PascalABC.NET и т. д.


Приложения также можно разрабатывать в текстовом редакторе и использовать консольный компилятор.

Подобно технологии Java, среда разработки .NET создаёт байт-код, предназначенный для исполнения виртуальной машиной. Входной язык этой машины в .NET называется MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language), или CIL (Common Intermediate Language, более поздний вариант), или просто IL. Применение байт-кода позволяет получить кроссплатформенность на уровне скомпилированного проекта (в терминах .NET: сборка), а не только на уровне исходного текста, как, например, в С. Перед запуском сборки в среде исполнения CLR байт-код преобразуется встроенным в среду JIT-компилятором (just in time, компиляция на лету) в машинные коды целевого процессора. Также существует возможность скомпилировать сборку в родной (native) код для выбранной платформы с помощью поставляемой вместе с .NET Framework утилиты NGen.exe.

Следует отметить, что один из первых JIT-компиляторов для Java был также разработан фирмой Microsoft. Современная технология динамической компиляции позволяет достигнуть уровня быстродействия, аналогичного традиционным «статическим» компиляторам (например, C++), и вопрос быстродействия зачастую зависит от качества того или иного компилятора.

New APIs for ASP.NET apps. The new HttpResponse.AddOnSendingHeaders and HttpResponseBase.AddOnSendingHeaders methods let you inspect and modify response headers and status code as the response is being flushed to the client app. Consider using these methods instead of the PreSendRequestHeaders and PreSendRequestContent events; they are more efficient and reliable.

The HostingEnvironment.QueueBackgroundWorkItem method lets you schedule small background work items. ASP.NET tracks these items and prevents IIS from abruptly terminating the worker process until all background work items have completed. This method can't be called outside an ASP.NET managed app domain.

The new HttpResponse.HeadersWritten and HttpResponseBase.HeadersWritten properties return Boolean values that indicate whether the response headers have been written. You can use these properties to make sure that calls to APIs such as HttpResponse.StatusCode (which throw exceptions if the headers have been written) will succeed.

Resizing in Windows Forms controls. This feature has been expanded. You can now use the system DPI setting to resize components of the following additional controls (for example, the drop-down arrow in combo boxes):
ComboBox
ToolStripComboBox
ToolStripMenuItem
Cursor
DataGridView
DataGridViewComboBoxColumn


New workflow feature. A resource manager that's using the EnlistPromotableSinglePhase method (and therefore implementing the IPromotableSinglePhaseNotification interface) can use the new Transaction.PromoteAndEnlistDurable method to request the following:
Promote the transaction to a Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) transaction.
Replace IPromotableSinglePhaseNotification with an ISinglePhaseNotification, which is a durable enlistment that supports single phase commits.

This can be done within the same app domain, and doesn't require any extra unmanaged code to interact with MSDTC to perform the promotion. The new method can be called only when there's an outstanding call from System.Transactions to the IPromotableSinglePhaseNotification Promote method that's implemented by the promotable enlistment.


Profiling improvements. The following new unmanaged profiling APIs provide more robust profiling:
COR_PRF_ASSEMBLY_REFERENCE_INFO Structure
COR_PRF_HIGH_MONITOR Enumeration
ICorProfilerCallback6::GetAssemblyReferences Method
ICorProfilerInfo5::GetEventMask2 Method
ICorProfilerInfo5::SetEventMask2 Method
ICorProfilerAssemblyReferenceProvider::AddAssemblyReference Method

Previous ICorProfiler implementations supported lazy loading of dependent assemblies. The new profiling APIs require dependent assemblies that are injected by the profiler to be loadable immediately, instead of being loaded after the app is fully initialized. This change doesn't affect users of the existing ICorProfiler APIs.


Debugging improvements. The following new unmanaged debugging APIs provide better integration with a profiler. You can now access metadata inserted by the profiler as well as local variables and code produced by compiler ReJIT requests when dump debugging.

Event tracing changes. The .NET Framework 4.5.2 enables out-of-process, Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)-based activity tracing for a larger surface area. This enables Advanced Power Management (APM) vendors to provide lightweight tools that accurately track the costs of individual requests and activities that cross threads. These events are raised only when ETW controllers enable them; therefore, the changes don't affect previously written ETW code or code that runs with ETW disabled.